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Lists of prominent companions usually run to 50 or 60 names, the people most closely associated with Muhammad. Two important groups among the Companions are the Muhajirūn "migrants", those who had faith in Muhammad when he began to preach in Mecca and who departed with him when he was persecuted there, and the Ansar, the people of Medina who welcomed Muhammad and his companions and stood as their protectors. In Islām, companions of Muḥammad are classified into categories including the Muhajirūn who accompanied Muhammad from Mecca to Medina, the Ansar who lived in Medina, and the Badriyyūn who fought at the Battle of Badr. The three generations make up the salaf of Islam. The third generation of Muslims after the Tābi‘ūn, who knew at least one Tābi‘, are called tābi‘ al-tābi‘īn. The second generation of Muslims after the ṣaḥābah, born after the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, who knew at least one ṣaḥābah, are called Tābi‘ūn (also "the successors"). The two largest Islamic denominations, the Sunni and Shia, take different approaches in weighing the value of the companions' testimonies, have different hadith collections and, as a result, have different views about the ṣaḥābah.
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From the traditions ( hadith) of the life of Muhammad and his companions are drawn the Muslim way of life ( sunnah), the code of conduct ( sharia) it requires, and the jurisprudence ( fiqh) by which Muslim communities should be regulated. The testimony of the companions, as it was passed down through trusted chains of narrators ( isnads), was the basis of the developing Islamic tradition. Later scholars accepted their testimony of the words and deeds of Muhammad, the occasions on which the Quran was revealed and other various important matters of Islamic history and practice. Companions of the Prophet or aṣ-ṣaḥābah ( Arabic: اَلصَّحَابَةُ meaning "the companions", from the verb صَحِبَ meaning "accompany", "keep company with", "associate with") were the disciples and followers of Muhammad who "saw or met the prophet during his lifetime and were physically in his presence".